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Apostil and legalization

apostil

In international law, legalization is the process of certifying a document so a foreign country's legal system will recognize it. The process is used routinely in international commerce and civil law. It is generally performed by validation of the signature on a document by an authority, which is higher in hierarchical terms. For example, a school diploma may need to be legalized by evaluation by the Ministry of Education, followed by legalization of the signature of the Ministry of Education by the Ministry of Foreign affairs. Once authenticated by the foreign ministry the documents then need to be reviewed and approved by the consular staff of the country, in which the transaction is to occur. Often certified translation is also required for full legalization.

 

The Hague Convention Abolishing the Requirement for Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents has supplanted the default procedure by a system of apostil. It is available if both, the country of the document and the country for which the document is required, are party to the treaty. The apostil is a stamp on which standard validating information is supplied. It is available (dependent on the document) from a notary public or court.

Hague Convention Participating Countries

Albania

Belize

Estonia

Italy

Macedonia

Panama

Suriname

Yugoslavia

Antigua

Bosnia

Fiji

Ireland

Malawi

Portugal

Swaziland

 

Argentina

Botswana

Fenland

Israel

Malta

Poland

Sweden

 

Armenia

Bulgaria

France

Japan

Marshal Isl

Romania

Switzerland

 

Australia

Colombia

Georgia

Kazakhstan

Mauritius

Russia

Tonga

 

Austria

Croatia

Germany

Korea

Mexico

Serbia Montenegro

Trinidad

 

Azerbaijan

Cyprus

Greece

Latvia

Moldova

Slovak

Turkey

 

Bahamas

Czech

Honduras

Lesotho

Netherlands

Slovenia

Ukraine

 

Belarus

Ecuador

Hungary

Lithuania

Newzeland

Spain

U.K.

 

Belgium

El Salvador

India

Luxembourg

Norway

South Africa

Venezuela

 

 

 

Countries not Participating in the Hague Convention

Algeria

Chad

Guatemala

Libya

Pakistan

Syria

Zambia

Afghanistan

Chile

Guinea

Macedonia

Palestine

Taiwan

Zimbabwe

Bahrain

China

Haiti

Madagascar

Paraguay

Tajikistan

 

Bangladesh

Congo

Indonesia

Malaysia

Peru

Tanzania

 

Benin

Costa Rica

Iran

Mali

Philippines

Thailand

 

Bolivia

Cote d'Ivoire

Iraq

Mauritania

Qatar

Tunisia

 

Brazil

Cuba

Jamaica

Morocco

Rwanda

Turkmenistan

 

Burkina Faso

Denmark

Jordan

Myanmar

Saudi Arabia

UAE

 

Burma

Dominican

Kenya

Nepal

Senegal

Uganda

 

Burundi

Egypt

Kuwait

Nicaragua

Sierra Leone

Uruguay

 

Cambodia

Eritrea

Kyrgyz Stan

Niger

Singapore

Uzbekistan

 

Cameroon

Ethiopia

Laos

Nigeria

Sri Lanka

Vietnam

 

Canada

Ghana

Lebanon

Oman

Sudan

Yemen

 

 

 

The Apostil ensures that public documents issued in one signatory country will be recognized as valid in another signatory country.

 

The sole function of the Apostil is to certify the authenticity of the signature on the document; the capacity in which the person signing the document acted; and the identity of any stamp or seal affixed to the document.

 

There are currently over 60 member states of the Hague convention and in addition to those countries many other countries will also recognise an Apostil certificate.

 

The Convention applies only to public documents. These are documents emanating from an authority or official connected with a court or tribunal of the State (including documents issued by an administrative, constitutional or ecclesiastical court or tribunal, a public prosecutor, a clerk or a process-server); administrative documents; notarized acts and official certificates, which are placed on documents signed by persons in their private capacity, such as official certificates recording the registration of a document or the fact that it was in existence on a certain date and official and notary authentications of signatures. The main examples of public documents for which Apostil are issued in practice include birth , marriage and death certificates; extracts from commercial registers and other registers; patents; court rulings; notary acts and notary attestations of signatures; academic diplomas issued by public institutions.

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